What is dyslexia?
What is dyslexia?
Dyslexia is a learning disability that affects the ability to read, spell and write. It is not a problem with intelligence, hearing or vision. Dyslexia is caused by differences in the areas of the brain that process language. People with dyslexia have trouble identifying speech sounds and how they relate to letters and words (decoding). This makes it hard for them to recognize words, comprehend texts and express themselves in writing.
Dyslexia can vary in severity and symptoms. Some common signs of dyslexia are:
- Difficulty learning new words, rhyming or naming letters and numbers
- Reading well below the expected level for age or grade
- Problems understanding what is heard or read
- Difficulty finding the right word or forming answers to questions
- Problems remembering the sequence of things or following instructions
- Inability to sound out or pronounce unfamiliar words
- Difficulty spelling or writing
- Avoiding activities that involve reading or writing
- Mispronouncing names or words, or having trouble retrieving words
Dyslexia can be diagnosed by a combination of tests that assess the child's development, educational issues, medical history, reading skills, neurological functioning, psychological well-being and aptitude level. There is no cure for dyslexia, but early intervention and support can help children with dyslexia succeed in school and life. Some strategies that can help people with dyslexia are:
- Tutoring by using appropriate educational approaches and techniques
- Psychotherapy to identify and prepare teaching methods that suit the child
- Self-care activities such as encouraging to recognize sounds, reading out simple words, using pictures and videos to learn, and working with visuals to express thoughts
- Specialist consultation with neurologists, ophthalmologists and audiologists to rule out any other conditions that may affect reading
- Accommodations such as extra time, oral exams, audio books, assistive technology and alternative formats of materials
Dyslexia is a common condition that affects about 10% of the population. It does not limit one's potential or creativity.